第一步：更新 pip 

$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

会看到如下类似结果

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (22.0.2)
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-24.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.8/1.8 MB 3.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: pip

Successfully installed pip-24.1

第二步：更新国内源（以清华源为例）

$ pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

会看到如下类似结果

Writing to /home/ecs-user/.config/pip/pip.conf

打开对应文件 pip.conf 会看到

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple